Interaction of geologic and topographic surfaces3D Model
These three models demonstrate the interaction of topographic surfaces with geologic surfaces of varying attitudes. The first (left hand side) model demonstrates that the outcrop pattern of horizontal strata is strongly governed by topography, with lithological boundaries being parallel to contours (in black). The second model shows that the outcrop pattern of vertical strata is unaffected by topography, producing what is commonly called ‘tramline geology’. The third model depicts strata that are dipping at an angle of 45°. In this last model, the strata produce an outcrop pattern that resembles a fold - but this pattern is a product of interaction with topography and no fold is present. Note that the strata produce a ‘V’ pattern in the valley, with the ‘V’ pointing in the direction of dip.
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